- diagnosis of aphasia: Broca's or mixed (based on the assessment of a Speech Language Pathologist) - presence of a focus of injury in the left hemisphere (within one hemisphere only) as a result of the first ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (based on CT/MRI examination); - chronic stage of the disease - time since the stroke occurred over 6 months. - ability to achieve an accuracy in the Naming Task of 10-60%. - 18-80 years - right-handedness before the stroke.
- ability to give informed written consent. - fluency in English. Exclusion Criteria: - severe cognitive, auditory or visual impairment that would preclude cognitive and language testing - inability to follow a two-step command. - presence of metal implants in the skull. - presence of major untreated or unstable psychiatric disease. - history of epilepsy or seizures. - ongoing medication that increases the risk of epileptic seizures. - presence in the body of cardiac stimulators or pacemaker. - history of speech, language, hearing, or intellectual disability during childhood. - pregnancy (based on declarations)