To participate individuals must have aphasia resulting from left cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (also known as stroke), those who have had more than one CVA will not be explicitly excluded. All participants must meet the following criteria: 1) be aged 21 years or older, 2) have English as a native or primary language, 3) evidence of having the linguistic and cognitive capacity to understand the research requirements, 4) demonstrate the willingness and stamina to participate in the protocol, 5) be negative for diagnosis of neurological injury or disease other than CVA. 6) reside within approximately 1 hour drive from MRRI (50 Township Line Rd, Elkins Park, PA).